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GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide, the copper(II) complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, first isolated from plasma. It belongs to the metal-binding tripeptide class.
In the published preclinical literature, GHK-Cu has been characterised at the molecular level for its coordination of a copper(II) ion and, in cultured cell systems, for its association with extracellular-matrix chemistry, including markers studied by immunostaining and gene-expression methods. It is supplied as a research compound and is not intended for human or veterinary use.
GHK-Cu has been characterised in preclinical laboratory models. The primary studies below, in cultured cell models, examined cellular and molecular endpoints, with the work centred on the tripeptide’s copper-coordination chemistry. The literature is preclinical; it describes the compound, not any outcome in humans.
In vitro / ex vivo
Copper-GHK increases integrin expression and p63 positivity by keratinocytes
In cultured keratinocytes and skin-equivalent constructs, the study assayed integrin alpha-6 and beta-1 expression by Western blot and quantified PCNA and p63 positivity by immunostaining as cellular endpoints.
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In vitro
The tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by fibroblast cultures
In cultured dermal fibroblasts, the study measured matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein in conditioned media and its mRNA level, alongside TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression, separating the copper-ion contribution from the bare tripeptide.
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Full documentation, on the record. A Certificate of Analysis and a Safety Data Sheet are available on request for every batch.
Links open the original study on PubMed. For research and educational purposes, descriptive of the published preclinical literature, not therapeutic claims about any ai-peptides product.
